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Introduction:
Livestock are domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting to produce commodities such as food, fiber, and labor. Animal husbandry practices have varied widely across cultures and time periods. Livestock production continues to play a major economic and cultural role in numerous rural communities.
Livestock diseases compromise animal welfare, reduce productivity, and can infect humans. Animal diseases may be tolerated, reduced through animal husbandry, or reduced through antibiotics and vaccines. In developing countries, animal diseases are tolerated in animal husbandry, resulting in considerably reduced productivity, especially given the low health-status of many developing country herds. Disease management to improve productivity is often the first step taken in implementing an agriculture policy. Disease management can be achieved by modifying animal husbandry practices. These measures aim to prevent infection with biosecurity measures such as controlling animal mixing and entry to farm lots, wearing protective clothing, and quarantining sick animals. Diseases also may be controlled by the use of vaccines and antibiotics. Antibiotics in subtherapeutic doses may also be used as a growth promoter, sometimes increasing growth by 10-15%. Concerns about antibiotic resistance have led in some cases to discouraging the practice of preventive dosing such as the use of antibiotic-laced feed. Countries often require veterinary certificates as a condition for transporting, selling, or exhibiting animals. Disease-free areas often rigorously enforce rules for preventing the entry of potentially diseased animals, including quarantine.
In our courses there is a veterinary microbiology course which is taught by Dr. Maimmona. She arranged practices for lab class. For these practices different samples are required. Due to which she arranged a visit to livestock farm for sample collection.
Description of Farm Visit:
On 6th march 2017, BS (Hons) semester (VIII) visited a village named Soha for collecting samples from livestock animals for veterinary microbiology practices. We visited the farm located in village Soha whose owner is Mr. Muhammad Manzoor Khan. There were about 15 buffaloes and also some other animals and birds. Owner warmly welcomed us and gave us some information about the animals present there.
Then he helped us in collecting samples from animals. All students collected different samples i.e. urine, saliva, wound, milk, skin, eyes for performing different experiments. We are very thankful to Dr. Maimoona who arranged such a knowledgeable and enjoyable trip for us.